Different Definitions of the Word Pious Depicted in...

Platos Socratic dialog Euthyphro is in many ways archetypal of the sort of philosophy that Socrates is thought to have been interested in. In it (as in most classic Socratic dialogs), Socrates seeks out a person who claims to have a certain sort of knowledge. He then proceeds to show that these experts do not possess this knowledge by getting them to contradict themselves. With this in mind, I will discuss the three definitions of the word pious that the character Euthyphro gives to Socrates, and Socrates problems with each of these definitions. The dialog begins with Socrates and Euthyphro meeting at the king-archons court; Socrates has been summoned with charges of corrupting the youth and impiety, and Euthyphro wishes to†¦show more content†¦(6D) If there are actions other than punishing wrongdoers that count as pious, then Euthyphros initial definition is consequently rendered invalid. A definition of a word ought describe all instances of that word, and Euthyphro has ju st admitted that there are actions outside of his definition which also count as pious. It might be that it is pious to prosecute wrongdoers, but this in not an exhaustive description of all pious actions. Socrates presses Euthyphro for another definition of piety, begging that he answer the question properly. Euthyphro replies, â€Å"...what is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious.† (7A) This is a much different definition than the first—it has a much greater scope. Euthyphro argues that the gods have some ability such that their love of something makes it pious. Similarly, the gods have some power such that what they disapprove of or simply do not like is consequently impious. This is precisely the sort of definition that Socrates is looking for; if it is true, then all Socrates must do is determine whether or not some action is loved by the gods to know whether or not it is pious. Yet Socrates is not satisfied with this definition. He notes that, at le ast in the historic Greek religious tradition, varying gods are at war with one another. If the gods are at war with one another, then they certainly must disagree with one

John Gardeners Grendel Kennings, Existentialism And Metaphor

In John Gardeners Grendel Kennings, existentialism and metaphor are used to highlight Grendle’s isolation and clearly establish a central idea that isolating one’s self leads to self destruction. Throughout the novel these literary techniques help Gardener to establish the idea of an already corrupt mind, collapsing around the edges. As the novel progresses the energy created intensifies and allures the audience. Signs of isolationism in Grendel are evident from the very beginning with Kennings to demonstrate Grendle’s emotions throughout the novel. The first evident sign of isolation established through Kennings is found on in chapter 1; it reads â€Å"such are tiresome memories of a shadow-shooter, earth-rim-roamer, walker of the world’s weird wall.† (Gardener, 7). Through this statement Gardener describes how Grendel is feeling, not only does give us insight into Grendle’s thoughts, but it also helps to establish the central mood of the novel. The author uses the word Shadow –shooter to give us insight into the idea that Grendel feels like he has been in constant hiding because of his outcastedness, while on the other hand earth-rim-roamer zones in on the concept that he feels he is not tied him down and no can force him into becoming so. This only expands our knowledge on how we see Grendel as a character and intensifies the mood and tone to match Gren dle’s strangled emotions. A little farther in around the beginning of chapter seven, there is another reference that uses

Introduction to Christology Free Essays

Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Theo 530: Systematic Theology II Lesson 1 Dr. Daniel R Mitchell, Professor Introduction to Christology Contemporary Issues in Christological Method Overview Christ and History The Search Christology from Above vs. from Below The Person or Work of Christ, Which is Prior? Christ and Myth I. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Christology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction to this Study A. Relation to other Theological Study 1 Theology Proper (above) 2 Man and Sin (below) Three Issues Addressed Here 1 Faith and History/Reason 2 Ontology vs. Function 3 Myth and the Nature of the Biblical Witness II. Search for the Historical Jesus Key Players: Strauss, Renan, Harnack Harnack’s Presuppositions NT and Superstitious Culture Ancient Miracle Claims are Commonplace Anti-supernaturalism Miracle Claims are Rooted in Ignorance Harnack and the Essential Message of Jesus The Kingdom of God and its Coming God the Father and the infinite value of the human soul The higher Righteousness and the Commandment of Love III. Critique of the Classic Liberal Position A. Schweitzer, Search of the Historical Jesus Jesus in the NT is thoroughly Eschatological. It is Presumptuous for Moderns to try to Reinvent Him. Jesus was â€Å"wrong,† but his essential message is not lost on the NT reader. Kahler 1 Distinguished Historie and Geschichte 2 Contrasted â€Å"Jesus† of Historie and the â€Å"Christ† of Geschichte. IV. Above or Below? 1 Kahler’s Distinction led to the question: Which is prior—Historie or Geschichte? 2 The Neo-Orthodox Theologians such as Barth, Bultmann, and Brunner begin with the Kerygma—from Above (the NT w itness). 3 Kasemann (â€Å"New Search†) and Pannenberg begin with Historie (probable facts)—from Below. 4 Erickson wants to use both in dynamic tension. 1 Following Augustine he begins with faith (from above) 2 He proceeds â€Å"from below† to test the reliability of his faith-given â€Å"hypothesis. V. The Person vs. the Work of Christ The NT seems to Link these 1. (e. g. Messianic Mission and Divine Sonship) Classic Theology Separated them and Stressed Ontology (the Person) Reformers (Luther/Calvin) followed Classic theology, but emphasized the Soteriological significance (Work) of Christ. Modern Theology Continued and Exaggerated this Distinction and Emphasis. Schleiermacher— â€Å"feelings† Bultmann/Tillich—â€Å"existential† question VI. Pros and Cons of the Two Approaches Christology from Above Strength—Emphasizes â€Å"Who† Christ is in evaluating the significance of His Work. Weakness—Tends to become bogged down in philosophical questions, which have no relevance to practical life. Christology from Below Strength—Relevance to Life Weakness—Driven by â€Å"felt needs† and Risks blindness to Issues of Importance that are only secured â€Å"from above. † VII. Christ and the Incarnation Myth Bultmann and â€Å"demythologization. † Builds on the philosophy of Idealism Links Christianity and World Religions Erickson’s Responses The Incarnation is a Mystery The Doctrine is Rooted in Jesus’ own Claims of Himself. The NT teaching is entirely unique to the World’s Religions. How to cite Introduction to Christology, Papers

Workers Succumbing to Injuries at Workplace-Samples for Student

Question: Explain why you wish to undertake the study, and give a reasoned and justified approach to the proposal. Why, for example, is it of interest either to you, the profession or to the fields of Environmental Health or Health and Safety generally? Answer: Introduction There has been the occurrence of major accidents in the construction worksites of a construction company despite safety management system being implemented. There are certain safety issues that needs to be worked upon and there is the requirement to find out the discrepancies that are present regarding the appropriate implementation of the management system to do the restoration of the workplace safety within the construction company. Purpose of the research topic The topic of the research will assist the management in finding out the apparent reasons in respect of the workers succumbing to injuries at the place of work. This will also be assisting in finding out the discrepancies that are present regarding the appropriate implementation of the management system to do the restoration of the workplace safety. This will also be assisting the organizational authorities towards undertaking precautionary measures at the place of work in advance so that no workers are succumbing to injuries or suffering the loss of lives (Hinze 2013). Research Question Why the workers are succumbing to injuries at the construction worksite irrespective of implementing the safety management system? Title To determine the reasons as to why construction workers are facing injury in the construction worksite irrespective of the implementation of a safety management system Aims and Objectives The research aim is associated with finding out the reasons as to why the construction workers are succumbing to injuries at the construction worksite, irrespective of implementing the safety management system. The researcher is required focusing on finding out particular reasons, which are held accountable for the workers facing injury at the construction worksite and whether the safety management system is being implemented in an appropriate manner or not (Guo 2013). The key research objectives are mentioned as under, For finding out the reasons as to why the construction workers are succumbing to injuries at the construction worksite irrespective of implementing the safety management system For finding out whether there is any deficiency on the managements part to appropriately implement the safety management system For finding out whether any precautionary measures have been taken into consideration in respect of the workers by the organizational management (Shin 2015). Literature Review It has been found out that the major reason for the workers getting injured at the construction worksite are due to the falls. In addition, another significant cause of injuries is considered to be the outcome of construction workers being struck by objects. Another significant cause of workers succumbing to fatal injuries at the construction worksite is due to electrocution (Roy 2015). Concerning the safety management practices, it can be stated that a safety policy is considered being a written statement of principles as well as goals that will be demonstrating the commitment of the senior management for ensuring the methods of safe working as well as environment within the construction worksite. Moreover, the safety policy is explained as the corporate philosophy of the organization relating to the health as well as safety matters (Zhang 2013). In this context, the safety officers are playing a major role in setting the expectations relating to the safety on construction worksites. One of the significant practices at the construction worksite is to appropriately guide as well as supervise the progression of the work. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an appropriate safety zone around the areas of construction for the prevention of experiencing harm from falling objects. In this regard, there is the requirement for dividing the construction worksite into two zones such as green zone as well as red zone (Chapman 2017). It needs to be separated through the installation of boundary fences as well as placing safety signboards. Green Zone will be including the offices, car parks, canteens, clinics as well as yard resting shades and will be considered to be a safety zone as because it is in the non-fabrication area whereas, the Red Zone or fabrication area will be requiring the workers to wear Personal Protective Equipment sin ce it might be causing danger. The minimum PPE that this area requires are considered to be safety boots, helmets, glasses as well as long-sleeved jackets. There is also the requirement for conducting an emergency drill once in every three months (Gunduz 2017). There is also the significance associated with the aspect of monitoring and measuring the health and safety performances of the construction workers. Lack of monitoring will be giving rise to challenges towards policy determination and to control any kind of risk. There is the option to create a team that will be having the responsibility towards reviewing the daily activities, precautionary measures as well as identifying the risks in order to prevent them and mitigate them as soon as possible (Sousa 2014). Health as well as Safety Audit is considered being another aspect that is not being followed by many staffs that is regarded to be another reason for staffs getting injured at the construction worksite irrespective of implementing the safety management system (Gopang 2017). Audit assists in measuring a simple parameter that will be forming a part of the routine safety inspection. It is assisting in meeting the policies and organizational objectives. Rationale The research study needs to be undertaken because it will primarily assist in finding out the major causes of workers succumbing to injuries at the construction worksites irrespective of implementing the safety management system. Study Design The research process that will be getting used need to include the following aspects such as, Type of study The type of study will be considered to be a deductive method since it is a social research approach and will be based on theory, hypothesis, observation as well as confirmation. Type of design The type of design is considered being a descriptive design and there will occur a probability sampling design that will comprise of simple random sampling in respect of the construction workers. From the three construction worksites, 150 construction workers have been taken into consideration. For doing this, 50 construction workers have been randomly chosen out of 150 from the three-construction worksite and the sampling has been conducted. Step 1: A list of all the three construction worksite has been made Step 2: A sequential number has been assigned to each construction worksite Step 3: The sample size has been figured out which is 150 construction workers Step 4: A random number generator has been used i.e. 50 random construction workers have been chosen from each of the three construction worksite the sample size of 150 Type of data The type of data taken into consideration is primary data that will have off-line questionnaires, which will be distributed among all the 150 construction workers for receiving the information from them. Method of Investigation The data collection method that will be carried out will be based on primary data comprising of off-line questionnaires. These questionnaires will be distributed among all the 150 construction workers for receiving the information from them. Out of the 150 construction workers, 50 of them will be selected from each construction worksite. For analyzing the data, statistical tests will be conducted through 5-point likert scale and analysis will be done by using mean, median, mode as well as standard deviation methods. Ethics In respect of the research study, the major ethical issues that will be considered are to take the consent of the participants for taking part in the research study in full knowledge of what is involved and the researcher must be actively preventing the participants from being harmed in any way by the research. Programme Diary The work plan will get outlined by using a Gantt Chart. Gantt chart Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Visiting the organizations Collecting the data Analysis of the data Expected Outcome From the research study, it has been found out that to overcome the various safety issues that the construction workers are facing certain measures need to be taken and when these will be followed diligently, then the number of construction workers succumbing to injuries will reduce significantly References Chapman, R.E., 2017. What Gets Measured, Gets Managed: A Case Study of Construction Safety.Construction Business Review. Gopang, M.A., Nebhwani, M., Khatri, A. and Marri, H.B., 2017. An assessment of occupational health and safety measures and performance of SMEs: An empirical investigation.Safety science,93, pp.127-133. Gunduz, M. and Laitinen, H., 2017. Observation based safety performance indexing method for construction industryvalidation with SMEs.KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, pp.1-7. Guo, H.L., Li, H. and Li, V., 2013. VP-based safety management in large-scale construction projects: A conceptual framework.Automation in construction,34, pp.16-24. Hinze, J., Thurman, S. and Wehle, A., 2013. Leading indicators of construction safety performance.Safety Science,51(1), pp.23-28. Roy, N. and Jacob, J., 2015. A STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION SAFETY ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL SOLUTION FRAMEWORK.International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science,3(6). Shin, S.S. and Kang, K.S., 2015. Special safety measures and health education survey and study on the construction industry.Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science,17(4), pp.123-134. Sousa, V., Almeida, N.M. and Dias, L.A., 2014. Risk-based management of occupational safety and health in the construction industryPart 1: Background knowledge.Safety science,66, pp.75-86. Zhang, S., Boukamp, F. and Teizer, J., 2015. Ontology-based semantic modeling of construction safety knowledge: Towards automated safety planning for job hazard analysis (JHA).Automation in Construction,52, pp.29-41. Zhang, S., Teizer, J., Lee, J.K., Eastman, C.M. and Venugopal, M., 2013. Building information modeling (BIM) and safety: Automatic safety checking of construction models and schedules.Automation in Construction,29, pp.183-19

Twelfth Night And Crossdressing Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night And Crossdressing Essay An Imitation of IgnoranceThe play Twelfth Night encapsulates what it meant to be a man and women throughoutthe 16th century. The roles of each gender were set in stone, and one could notpublicly cross over under any circumstances. During Shakespearean times women werenot even allowed to portray themselves on stage, men played their roles instead. Inmy opinion Shakespeare uses the play to show the hypocrisy of the status quo thatheld people from expressing their true identity. Twelfth Night demonstrates thatprofessions should not be given on a gender basis, skill should be the onlyconsideration. During the play one sees that only through imitation of anothergender can a person reverse the roles, which they are bonded to. In Twelfth Nightimitation of another gender is done both out of necessity, and for revenge. InTwelfth Night ones sexual preference was not a reason for gender reversal. Viola/Cesario who has just lost her brother in a shipwreck feels that she needs todress as a man to survive on the island of Illyria. And what should I do inIllyria? My brother he is in Elysium. Perchance his not drownd what you think. Viola changes her name to Cesario and begins her new life as a man. Viola/Cesariocrosses the boundaries and becomes Orsinos best servant. This portrayal of a womansuccessfully imitating a man is an obvious denouncement of the so-called gender rolesof the Elizabethan era. Throughout the play imitation is used for revenge and playsan integral role in the lives of a few supporting characters. In this scenario it isused to deceive Malvolio, a pompous servant, to teach him a lesson in his relationswith other people. Shakespeare makes it clear that deception, when used forentertainment, can be very destructive. Twelfth Night deals with problems that occur when somebody is forced to imitateanother sex, or another person. Pray God defend me! A little thing would make metell them how much I lack of a man. These problems are demonstrated through sexualtensio n between almost all of the characters. The characters seem to accomplish mostof their set goals, but somehow something impedes them from flawless imitation. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night And Crossdressing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Viola/Cesario is distressed and has no idea how to live without a proper income. Shelives in a society that only allows men to work certain types of jobs. Theseprofessions are the ones that bring in most of the money. For this reason she beginsto imitate a man, and goes by the name Cesario. Her profession was to be a servantto the Duke Orsino. Ill serve this Duke; Thou shalt present me as an eunuch tohim, it may be worth thy pains; for I can sing and speak to him in many sorts ofmusic that will allow me very worth his service. The captain that saved her agreedto tutor her in manhood, and she fully comprehended what it is to be a man duringthese times. She picked up her profession extremely quickly. Her imitation did havelimitations however. She ran into problems due to sexual urges and these proved tobe insurmountable. Viola/Cesario fell in love with her master, and could not find away to properly inform him of her true identity. The second problem she encounteredwas Olivia, a rich c ountess, ends up falling in love with her. Viola/Cesario did notknow how to handle these certain situations as a man so she dealt with them as awoman. This becomes evident due to an incident were she almost kisses Orsino; and shedoes not make it clear to Olivia why somebody would not want to kiss her, a beautifulwoman. Throughout the play Shakespeare enlightens his audience by showing alienation, whichoccurs when somebody is forced to imitate a person who they are not. Viola/Cesarionot only alienates Olivia and Orsino, but she also isolates herself from feelingsthat are undefeatable. This causes the characters to be in a confused state and eachbegins to question their sexuality. Olivia considers herself an attractive woman,and many men have always pursued her. Olivia, however, has never felt the samepassionate attraction towards another man. She finally meets a man, or so shethinks, and he is not drawn to her. This leaves her to question if she will everfind true love. Yet come agai n; for thou perhaps mayst move that heart which nowabhors, to like his love. Through this ordeal Orsino also becomes confused by hissexuality. He sees past Viola/Cesario clothing and falls in love with her. After afew moments were Viola/Cesario and Orsino are very close he comes to realize that itwould not be morally right to have sexual passion for another man. He slowly movesaway and begins to question his feelings. When all is resolved true feelings arefinally brought to light, and the characters see both their fates had true love inthe future. It is unfortunate though that heartache was due to a simple societalstructure that holds no basis in the world. .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e , .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .postImageUrl , .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e , .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:hover , .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:visited , .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:active { border:0!important; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:active , .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u201c199b331ec4deb09196a083b31e5e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Girl EssayMalvolio, a servant of Olivia, is also hurt by an imitation. Contrary toViola/Cesarios imitation this one was not done out of necessity. The imitation isexecuted by acquaintances of Malvolio that seek revenge at the way he had beentreating them. Feste the jester, Maria, Olivias uncle Sir Toby Belch, and Sir Tobysfriend Sir Andrew Aguecheekwho scheme to undermine the high-minded, pompousMalvolio. Malvolio is tricked into believing Olivia is in love with him because of aletter that said just that. Malvolio believes the imitation letter, and hischaracter suddenly changes from arrogant to joyful. Sad lady? I could be sad. Thisdoes make some obstruction in the blood, this cross-gartering, but as the true sonnetis Please one, and please all.' Shakespeare placed this sub-plot to show theaudience how detrimental trickery can be when it is used with love. When Malvoliodiscovers the evil trick he is distraught, and heartbroken. Madam, you have done mewrong, notorious wrong. From Malvolios case one begins to remember instances wherethey have used trickery or imitation for revenge upon another person. Malvolioscharacter shows the damage that can occur to ones psyche. Shakespeare makes it clearthat love is extremely volatile and should not be toiled with. One leaves the theatreremembering previous situations where similar methods were used; hoping that they hadnot caused damage comparable to that of Malvolios. Shakespeare delves into waters that were untested throughout the Elizabethan era. Heasks the audience to see if there is any basis for specific gender roles. Theaudience is never surprised throughout the whole play, and the tone of each of thecharacters does not fluctuate. Even when Orsino finds out his best servant is aman. One must not only look at the tone of the characters, the tone of the audienceis important as well. I was fortunate enough to be able to attend a presentation ofTwelfth Night at the University of Wisconsin this past year. Many of the socialissues concerning Twelfth Night (Homophobia, cross-dressing) still remain prevalentin our society today. During scenes involving homosexual contact, the audience didnot seem stunned. The audience appeared to accept that Viola/Cesario was actually awoman, and the love that encapsulated Orsino and Olivia was blind to gender. Theaudience also completely disregarded gender, and agreed with Shakespeare that truelove draws no boundar ies. One also became aware that Viola/Cesario could perform thetasks that were asked of her. She even proved to do her job exceptionally and becameOrsinos best servant. The performance attacked those who are ignorant enough tohold opinions that hinder the advancements of both homosexuals and women. By usingsubtle examples of political viewpoints, Shakespeare addresses issues that areimportant to everyday society. He acknowledges the fact Elizabethan society prohibitshim from making blatant statements, which go against the moral majority. Shakespeareshows his mastery of the English language by eluding these rules and attacking thesubconscious of the audience. One leaves the theatre with a lingering feeling ofguilt, which one cannot be understand at the time. The feeling is comprehended at alater time and one begins to question stereotypes, which are dominant in societytoday.

Cube vs Matrix essays

Cube vs Matrix essays Directors have been making movies about a higher power that is controlling people as far back as I have studied. This idea is the main point in both Cube and The Matrix. The directors of these movies use both theatrical ideas, and different film techniques to relay this concept. In Cube the director wants to show the government using of as mice in a maze, and in The Matrix the director tries to show how the government uses humans as pawns for their own gain. In the movie Cube, some one is putting people in a large cube with continuously moving rooms. The question is who is doing it, and why? Even the character worth, who help design part of this cube, does not know who or what built it. All of the characters put in this cube have a special ability that may help them escape their entrapment. There are many different thoughts by the characters on who might have built this thing such as aliens, the military, or the government. The one thing they can all agree on is that there is some sort of conspiracy going on. The director of the Cube used many different film techniques to show their sense of being controlled and their paranoia. Low camera angels were used to make the room look bigger than it was. This was done to make it over shadow the character and give the audience the idea of a bigger power involved. Also high angle shots give the impression that the characters are being watched. Close-ups of the characters faces, and over the shoulder shots of the rest of the characters behind them also relay this idea of a conspiracy. These types of scenes confirm the notion that the characters can not trust anyone. The jumping of close-ups of the numbers, the different rooms, the doors, and the characters also gives the sense of disorientation. This disorientation gives the audience the same sense that they are not in control. All of these techniques help give the impression that there is ...

How Does Effective Questioning Contribute to Pupils Learning. Give Essay

How Does Effective Questioning Contribute to Pupils Learning. Give Classroom (Primary) examples to support your answers - Essay Example This approach keeps the pupils’ minds open to everything and makes them think and evaluate the knowledge on a wide canvas. Thus, according to Bloom, evaluation or questioning is one of the important aspects of learning as it puts them to working. It is important for the teachers to inquire if the pupils are following their instructions and understanding the subject being taught (Kyriacou, pp.43, 1997). For that matter, assessment through questions plays a major role in knowing the progress of pupils. It is essential to note that questions also have divisions; certain questions are only for the sake of assessing the pupils’ memory, however, questions that require them to ‘think’ and not just to ‘recall’ are the critical ones to incorporate in a teaching process. Moreover, questioning leads to discovery learning or purposeful learning rather than a one-way communication pattern that involves teachers telling the pupils everything and making them rote learners. This is more like thrusting the knowledge in pupil’s mind, nevertheless, it is important to realize that forcefully put knowledge never tends to retain for a longer period and thus, proves to be useless in the end as compared to a comprehension that comes after self-analysis and cognition. As a matter of fact, in contributing towards pupils’ learning through, it is essential that the proportion of teachers’ talk must be higher than any other aspects (Pollard & Collins, pp.297, 2005). If a teacher talks much, pupils would automatically feel responsible in contributing to the whole process to have their share and would know that even if they miss out any important point in the response, their teachers would correct or complete them. Lower grades pupils are quite very much like this; they look forward to the co-operation of their teachers in every regards. It is often suggested that one of the effective ways to make pupils studying

Casey Anthony Court Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casey Anthony Court Case - Research Paper Example On this note, investigations on the disappearance of the young girl began immediately. The sheriff conducting the study interrogated every member of Anthony family concerning the matter. He also did a forensic fingerprint scan in all the rooms in the house Caylee Anthony could have been last. However, despite the efforts of the investigators, Casey still came up with false stories parting the matter. In addition to her earlier allegation that Caylee was with Zenaida Fernandez Gonzalez her babysitter, she made-up three more lies. The first one she claimed that Jeffrey Hopkins and Juliette Lewis were the first she had told of her missing daughter. The second one she lied to be an employee at Universal Studio in Orlando. Lastly, she claimed to have spoken to Caylee on the phone the day before she was reported missing. All these false statements were later discovered and she was arrested for giving wrong information to the police (Montaldo, 2012). A search on the family computer reviled the most significant findings in the Casey Anthony’s case since they changed the case from a kidnap case to a murder case. Computer forensics specialists managed to retrieve browsing history of all website pages browsed using the home computer and sorted those related to the case. Some of the pages from Internet Explorer browser, commonly used by the girl’s mother, reviled questionable research. ... There were also Google pages showing a research on â€Å"fool-proof suffocation technique† on the eve day the girl was last seen alive (Jones, 2012). The body of the young girl was later, about six months after her disappearance, discovered near the house belonging to Anthony. The body was decomposed to the extent that the actual cause of death could not be determined. However, a duct tape was discovered attached on the front of Caylee’s skull (Hopper, 2011). The duct tape could have been a perfect weapon to suffocate the child and prevent her from screaming during the struggle. This led to a conclusion that the child must have been poisoned using chloroform and then suffocated using a duct tape. The evidence was, therefore, enough to convict Casey with the first degree murder, manslaughter, child abuse, and provision of false information in a court of law. The trails on the case were held in the Orange Courthouse in Orlando where the evidence was brought to the attenti on of the jury and judge. The presiding judge was known as Belvin Perry, and the jury had 12 jurors, 7 women and 5 men, and five alternates. To come up with the courtroom work group, a panel of the jury and the alternates, the court took 11 consecutive days of extreme questioning of the potential panelist from Tampa Bay area. The case had two prosecutors Linda Drane Burdick and Jeff Ashton versus Casey Anthony’s attorney Jose Baez. The first trial was held on May 24th 2011 where both sides got an opportunity to give their opening statements (Montaldo, 2012). The defense Attorney Jose Baez stunned the jury and the entire courtroom in his opening statement. The Attorney argued that the

Does The CSR Practice Help the Wall Mart Organisation to Achieve Its Case Study

Does The CSR Practice Help the Wall Mart Organisation to Achieve Its Goals and Objective - Case Study Example Wal-Mart is a reputed store, still the employees and workers are not at all happy with its policies and rules. Due to which large amount of workers decided to leave the organization of Wal-Mart and migrated to various other regions of the world. As a result, it gave rise to the problem of labour shortage mainly in the region of China. Such type of corporate miss-behaviour gave rise to a new problem known as Wal-Martization within the organization (Chan & Siu, 2009). There are varied issues entirely related to the labour or wage violation: Minimum amount of wage is offered to the workers that’s almost impossible for the workers to live their life in an effective way (International Labour Rights Forum, 2012). The workers are forced to work for longer hours with very less amount of wages. The workers are forced to work for more hours but their overtime wages are violated by the organizational hierarchy (Singh, 2012). The materiality leaves of the female workers are also violated by the management of Wal-Mart (Globescanfocus, 2013). Due to which, Wal-Mart was named as Sweat-Shop by its workers and its reputation was hindered. Therefore, in order to remove such a worse reputation and image, the management decided to implement certain Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) for the benefit of the workers (Sum, 2009). It decided to present desired wages for the workers so as to gift a better living condition to them. Along with this, it also tried to implement better machineries so as to enhance the working conditions (Kaye, 2012). Other than this, the management also decided to present overtime wages for the workers along with piece rates as well. Moreover, they also committed to present the similar wage rates to the workers in case of lower orders of the garments or toys. This acted as a boon for the organization to regain its reputation and image in the market along with dominance power as well (Globescanfocus, 2013). Part 2: Being the world’s number one legendary brand in the segment of apparels, Wal-Mart had to suffer a serious set-back in the year 2004. It was due to its internal strategies and policies.

Local Government In The Malaysian Context Information Technology Essay

Local Government In The Malaysian Context Information Technology Essay Customer satisfaction is a key issue for all organizations in both public and private sectors. This is a highly important challenge as service standards today relies on excellent service quality delivery and high customer satisfaction levels. All employees have a role in determining the degree of satisfaction experienced by their customers. In the public sector, due to increased levels of information dissemination, governments are expected to be more sensitive to the demands and needs of the peoples and societies they serve. Many public sector organisations are undergoing reforms in order to provide better, faster and even wider range of services to the people. The customer has a prominent place in these reforms. In recent history, much has been written on the subject of customer satisfaction, but comparatively little regarding customer satisfaction in the public sector. This is despite the issue of customer satisfaction in public services has been growing in importance, particularly in Malaysia due to the perception of deteriorating levels of satisfaction as perceived by most quarters of the public. In the past ten years with the explosive growth of broadband internet penetration levels in the country, public agencies have been increasingly placed in the spotlight for their shortcomings as larger segments of the public are made aware of the lack of satisfaction encountered by others. In most countries including Malaysia, local government has the most direct impact on the resources in the economy as they are most involved in the implementation of national and state government policies. The range of activities involving the local government sector is primarily labour intensive. There are therefore a number of reasons for the need of this research particularly in the Malaysian environment. Firstly, local government has a monopoly on the provision of most of their services, and do not have forces of competition and profit driving efficiency and effectiveness in meeting customers needs (Caruana, Ramaseshan, Ewing 1998). Members of the public who are unhappy with the local authority administering their premises or property are not able to change to another local authority or opt out of receiving services from that authority (and thus not paying taxes due) without moving to another area administered by another local authority. Secondly, demand for government services is on an increasing uptrend due to increased expectations by the people. More and more people expect the government to assist them in resolving various issues encountered. Such issues includes the provision or maintenance (or lack of provision or maintenance) of infrastructure and services. Thirdly , due to increasing pressure on governments as a service provider for an increasing range of services, local government has to set up and maintain competence in many aspects of performance. An instance of this can be seen with the advent of information technology (IT). Many local authorities responded by setting up an IT department which was put in charge of computerising operations. Hence local government organisations will be perceived to be competent, knowledgeable, courteous and reliable if and when their employees possess competencies to allow effective execution of their prescribed duties. This study will be undertaken with the objective of investigating the impact of employee competencies as perceived by customer satisfaction in the services provided by Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS) or Alor Setar City Council. Additionally, this study will also evaluate the relationship between employee competencies and perceived customer satisfaction. It is important to undertake this research at this time particularly at MBAS because it is now in transition to move towards a new stage of increased employee competencies in the new era of internet-enabled services. 1.1 Local government in the Malaysian Context Local authorities in Malaysia are governed primarily by various national and state legislative provisions. At the national level, the Local Government Act of 1976 is the primary legislation that specifies the functions and responsibilities of local government bodies in Peninsular Malaysia. These functions and responsibilities not only include mandatory functions but also discretionary functions too. These functions include solid waste management, street maintenance and activities pertaining to public health. Examples of discretionary functions include development and infrastructure functions like providing amenities, recreational parks, housing and regulating certain aspects of commercial activities such as licensing. According to a report by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2001), provisions of the Local Government Act 1976 grants local authorities in Malaysia the following roles in their respective jurisdictions or areas: Local planning authority Licensing authority Manage to impose certain kinds of taxes Take in charge housing, building and commercial construction (markets, hawker stalls and many others) Manage to perform urban planning, landscaping and management functions Manage public transport systems Manage to plan and provide public utilities. Source: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2001). http://www.unescap.org/huset/lgstudy/country/malaysia/malaysia.html As can be see above, local authorities in Malaysia have a wide range of functions and responsibilities which has significant impact in the environment which they operate in. It is highly important for available competencies to be studied and further developed in order to improve the delivery of services to the people (their customers). The fact that the Malaysian government is aggressively pursuing economic growth can be seen with the introduction of the New Economic Model (NEM) initiative and 10th Malaysia Plan by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak recently. As part of these initiatives, local authorities will play important roles in the further development of the country. As of July 2010, there are 147 local authorities in Malaysia as summarized in Table . Table Local Authorities in Malaysia Local Authorities Total City Councils 12 Municipal Councils 39 District Councils 96 Total 147 Source: Ministry of Housing and Local Government. http://jkt.kpkt.gov.my/en/main.php?Content=vertsectionsSubVertSectionID=59VertSectionID=43CurLocation=43IID= 1.2 The Background of Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS) MBAS is one of the local authorities in Peninsular Malaysia. At its inception in 1735, MBAS was established as a sanitation board when the city was founded by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Muazzam Shah. The city of Alor Setar and the local authority body which oversaw it has grown in size and functions since then. MBAS is the local authority entrusted with providing services for the governance and development of Alor Setar. It is the only local authority in the state of Kedah with city council status which was awarded by the federal government on 31 December 2003. This upgrade of status came after Alor Setar officially became a city on 22 August 2002. From the Population, Household Living Quarters Malaysia 2009 publication by the Department of Statistics, we find that the district of Kota Setar (which includes Alor Setar) has a population of 429,900 people. Source: 1. Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar. http://www.mbas.gov.my/web/guest/background 2. Department of Statistic, Malaysia. http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=294 According to the Local Government Department of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, a city council should meet the following criteria: Area under jurisdiction includes the administrative centre of the state Population above 500,000 Fiscally sustainable with annual revenues exceeding RM100 million capable of sustaining a balanced budget Provision of high level of services Sustainable development with an emphasis on tackling urban issues like squatters, illegal factory operation, security, housing for low-income groups and environmental conservation Achieves stable city classification under Malaysia Urban Indicator Network System (MURNInet) Availability of industrial centres, financial institutions, cultural centres, sports and recreational facilities and educational institutions Complete infrastructure provision and public utilities inclusive of public transportation facilities, traffic management system, efficient road network and ICT services, public areas which are disabled-friendly; and Recognition as a city either at national or international level in certain areas Source: Ministry of Housing and Local Government. http://jkt.kpkt.gov.my/en/main.php?Content=vertsectionsSubVertSectionID=65VertSectionID=43CurLocation=43IID=Page=1 The current mayor of Alor Setar is Dato Khazali Din. He has been in office since 1 December 2008. Besides the mayor, there are also 14 local councillors who are appointed by the State Government under provisions in the Local Government Act 1976 to administer MBAS. It employs approximately 250 employees ranked from Head of Departments to labourers. There are nine major departments and divisions in MBAS as follows: Treasury Development planning Engineering Assessment and Property management Management services Municipal services and Health Community development Law Buildings Source: Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar. http://www.mbas.gov.my/web/guest/jabatandanbahagian The main objectives of MBAS are as follows: Provide a comfortable living for the community of Alor Setar city from the aspects of services, planning and development; Transform the employees of MBAS to an efficient, clean, trustworthy and disciplined workforce; Increase and diversify the sources of revenue so that MBAS will become a financially strong institution; Management system which is of quality, dynamic and innovative; and Develop a caring society environment among the workforce through the provision of welfare, health and safety schemes Source: Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar. http://www.mbas.gov.my/web/guest/objective Throughout its 275 years of existence from a sanitation board up to the current incarnation as a city council, MBAS has been contributing a strategic role in the delivery of local government services in Alor Setar. Its official mission statement is to provide the highest level of services based on the latest technology. The primary functions of MBAS as a local authority includes development and operational functions such as solid waste management, cleaning of public areas and amenities, traffic system design and street maintenance, landscaping and beautification works, provision of shared public facilities and amenities like sports and recreation areas and infrastructure works. The most important secondary function of MBAS is to regulate business and commercial activities by means of licensing provisions. An example of the usage of these regulatory powers can be seen in the recent controversy regarding sports betting. While the federal government had approved a sports betting license to Ascot Sports Sdn Bhd, the state governments led by Pakatan Rakyat (PR) had declined to issue licenses for premises to be used for sports betting activities. This was done by instructing the various local authorities in PR-controlled states not to issue premise and other business licenses for sports betting activities to Ascot Sports Sdn Bhd. This effectively ensured that Ascot Sports will not be able to operate sports betting activities in those states. Source: The Star, June 2010 http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nationfile=/2010/6/7/nation/20100607155524 Other secondary functions of MBAS include the promotion of commercial and tourism activities and health and safety regulations of the community. This is done through the provision of infrastructure like roads and public facilities like parks, recreational areas, museums and the like. In terms of health and safety regulations, a commonly seen example would be the enforcement of laws against aedes mosquito breeding areas and building inspections and renovation regulations to ensure that such work is done within acceptable limits and meets minimum safety standards. 1.3 Background of the study There are many opinions with regards to the issue on how to manage service quality and delivery. In terms of service-based businesses, while the basis is similar to that of manufacturing-based businesses, the challenges posed are quite different. This is mainly due to the different attributes of both businesses. In manufacturing businesses, typically a product is made to certain specifications. The outcome of the process to create and manufacture a particular product should produce very little variation. This contrasts with service businesses whereby the outcome of services provided by the business can be significantly different due to the interaction between the business and its customers in the process. There are variations in expectation, expertise and material inputs from one customer to the next. Because of this, the outcomes of the process as perceived by customers can vary significantly even when businesses try to control for as many variables as possible. In terms of the public sector and civil service in Malaysia, the government has set up a number of agencies and undertook various measures to improve performance and service quality delivery. Some of these agencies and measures along with a brief history are mentioned below. One of the earliest attempts in post-independence Malaya to formalise and standardise training procedures for Public Services Department (PSD) employees is the setting up of the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN). It was set up in September 1959 as the Staff Training Centre in Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan. The centre provided training in administrative areas such as financial, land, office management and local government administration. The Staff Training Centre became INTAN in June 1972 and now has a mission to develop human resources in the public sector though the provision of quality training programmes. Source: National Institute of Public Administration, Malaysia. http://www.intanbk.intan.my/i-portal/en/about-intan/intan-in-brief.html The Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU) was initially created as the Development Administrative Unit (DAU) in 1966. The DAU was created based on a report by Prof. John D. Montgomery dan Milton J. Esma in Development Administrative in Malaysia which called for steps to improve professionalism in the public service by providing training and conducting educational programmes for all levels of the civil service. DAU was responsible to spearhead improvements in the civil service. In 1972, DAU was merged with the Implementation, Coordination and Evaluation Unit (ICEU) to form the Implementation, Coordination and Development Administration Unit (ICDAU). MAMPU was set up in 1977 as a new agency which took over the responsibilities of modernising and human resources planning from the ICDAU. Source: 1. Malaysian Administrative Modernization and Management Planning Unit, Prime Ministers Department. http://www.mampu.gov.my/mampu/sejarah1 2. Implementation Coordination Unit, Prime Ministers Department. http://www.icu.gov.my/icuV9/pg/indexV9.php?pg=prof The Public Complaints Bureau (PCB) under the Prime Ministers Department was mooted by former Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak. It started operations on 2 August 1971 and is the leading organisation in Malaysia for the management and monitoring of public complaints regarding government departments and agencies (Suddle, 2009). Source: Suddle, 2009. Report on Study Tour of PUBLIC COMPLAINTS BUREAU MALAYSIA. http://www.asianombudsman.com/ORC/RETAreports/FTO_report.pdf Probably the most well known effort by the government to improve the civil service by reducing instances of corruption would be the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) which was mooted by former Prime Minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi which officially commenced operations on 1 January 2009. The history of MACC began as an agency when the National Bureau of Investigation was set up in 1973 to consolidate corruption and other special cases which were being handled by different teams in the police, Prime Ministers Department and the Law Ministry. The name was then changed to the Anti-Corruption Agency in 1982 to reflect its role as the main agency in Malaysia in the fight against corruption. Source: Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. http://www.sprm.gov.my/ To improve civil service performance, former Prime Minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in January 2005 had suggested various means on reinventing the civil service in Malaysian. According to him, to safeguard the image of civil service, public sector employees must be creative, inventive, fluid, consultative and free of corrupt practices. He addressed this issue to 3000 decision makers in public sector, ministers and chief executive officers of government-linked companies in order to have a free flow of ideas between top-level officers and their subordinates for the betterment of the service. He said civil servant must be able to think out of the box and make strategic adjustments so that they could act speedily when faced with adversity. On free flow of ideas within the service, department heads must be willing to acknowledge good suggestions which were given by their subordinates. Civil servants should be encouraged to provide feedback on approaches undertaken and these responses mu st be taken seriously by decision makers who should also institute changes whenever necessary. Source: The Star, January 2005 In February 2005, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi reminded the civil service to increase emphasis on integrity, accountability and high work ethics in its efforts to improve efficiency in serving the people and the business community to safeguard the image of the public sector in order to enjoy the support and confidence of the people. Source: The Star, February 2005 The Special Taskforce to Facilitate Business (PEMUDAH) was established on 7 February 2007 under the Prime Ministers Department. Mooted by former Prime Minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, the terms of reference for the objectives and operations of PEMUDAH is as follows: To review the status of the public services delivery system in terms of processes, procedures, legislation and human resource towards introducing improvements; To study best practices in the private sector that can be adopted by the public sector; To coordinate programs across public sector agencies towards enhancing Malaysias competitiveness; To monitor the implementation of policies, strategies and procedures aimed towards improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the public delivery system; and To take appropriate action in addressing issues raised during Cabinet meetings regarding the public delivery system. Source: PEMUDAH Secretariat Office, Ministry of International Trade and Industry. http://www.pemudah.gov.my/297 On 13 April 2007, the government introduced the concept of One Stop Centre (OSC) for local government agencies under the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. According to Chief Secretary to the Government, Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hassan, the OSC was set up based on the concept of No Wrong Door whereby it will be a single point of entry which allows customers to obtain various services from multiple agencies using an integrated method. OSC will coordinate all stages from documentation submission until a decision is reached and provided to the customer. Source: The Office of Chief Secretary to the Government. About One Stop Centre. http://www.pmo.gov.my/ksn/?frontpage/speech/detail/1470 Within half a year of assuming office, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak had mooted and established the Performance Management Delivery Unit (PEMANDU) on 16 September 2009. A unit under the Prime Ministers Department, its main role and objective is to oversee the implementation and assess the progress of the government transformation programme (GTP) and to facilitate and support the delivery of both National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) and Ministry Key Result Areas (MKRAs) of the various ministries and government agencies. Source: Performance Management Delivery Unit, Prime Ministers Department. http://www.transformation.gov.my/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=205Itemid=144lang=en On 1 January 2010, the MBAS Complaints Portal was launched as an online application to allow the public to lodge complaints to the local authority. The portal accepts submissions both online and though Short Message Service (SMS). The public can then follow up on complaints lodged though the portal. The portal also provides a forum for the council to receive feedback from the public. Source: MBAS Complaints Portal. About Complaints Portal. http://aduan.mbas.gov.my:2000/aduan/news.php 1.4 Research Problem Many business organisations these days would no doubt agree that the environments in which they do their businesses is becoming more and more complex and more challenging to understand due to rapid pace of change. There have been many studies which concluded that no business can be successful without taking the needs of their customers into serious consideration. There are several factors which have played significant roles which has changed the impact customers have on businesses. One of them would be the rise of consumerism in the 20th century. Rapid economic expansion due to the agricultural and industrial revolutions along with explosive population growth has rapidly increased the number of consumers in the market. Prior to this, only a small percentage of the population had sufficient disposable incomes to make an impact outside of their local societies. Due to rapid economic growth, more and more people earned enough to start having significant levels of disposable income which could be used for discretionary purchases. New inventions and improvements allowed businesses to transport goods faster and cheaper allowing more people to have increasing choices in the goods and services available to them. The services industry started being recognised as an arm of the economy in its own right and in more advanced economies, is more important t han manufacturing and trading industries. Customers now have more choices and could demand more from businesses. Any business which does not respond adequately to the rapidly changing business environments may face overwhelming challenges and can even go out of business. As a local authority and a government body, while it is very difficult for MBAS to go out of business per se, it is still a service organisation that provides multiple services to the people. MBAS cannot deny the expectations of its customers because their customers are taxpayers and voters. As a government body, it receives all income from public sources (i.e. taxpayers) and if they are not happy, they will show their displeasure during elections and effect changes through the government. We can thus surmise that employees in service organisations play an important role in ensuring that customers have a positive first impression. If customers are not provided with a level of service which they expect, this will lead to dissatisfaction and as a consequence, the number of complaints will increase. According to MBAS Public Relations Section, the authority receives on average 29 complaints per day sent by the public through various channels namely the MBAS Complains Portal, telephone, m ail and fax. In order to reduce dissatisfaction with its services and thus the number of complaints, it is necessary for MBAS to increase the quality of services it provides. It is highly important for them to plan, coordinate and then implement a comprehensive program to promote and disseminate the mindset of service quality excellence among employees in the organisation. It is imperative for MBAS to improve its services because its customers (the public) expect to interact with competent employees who are able to display high levels of professionalism and provide equally high levels of service quality whether in terms of explanation or physical services provided. Local authorities play an important role in the growth of both in the state they are located in and their own jurisdiction. You can go to virtually any part of Alor Setar and the name of the local authority administrating the city can be clearly seen. This has an effect of ensuring that services (or in contrast, the lack of services) provided by MBAS is always in the public eye. For example, a pedestrian bridge along Jalan Alor Setar-Sungai Petani at Batu 3, Tandop which has been in a state of disrepair for some time caused a scare when a large metal piece measuring 3 x 24 metres and a banner celebrating the Sultans recent birthdaye road isrepair for some time caused a scare when piecen of S is always in the public eye. t services or fell on the road underneath the bridge. While no vehicles or people were hurt in the incident, there has been several earlier incidents of smaller pieces of metal falling off the bridge. A road user claimed that he had informed MBAS about the earlier inc idents but thus far no action has been taken. A few questions had arose from the incident namely why the local authority did not take any action upon receiving complains about the bridge earlier? While there may be a lack of allocation at this time to repair the bridge, perhaps if MBAS had more competent staff, perhaps any loose metal pieces could have been removed and the bridge temporarily closed while awaiting allocation to fully repair the bridge. This would have helped to ensure no untoward incident happens. http://www.sinarharian.com.my/bterkini/4941.asp Landscaping and beautification activities of public areas and amenities are one of the local authorities primary functions. It was reported recently that the Taman PKNK football field has not been properly maintained for several months. This had made the field unusable due to the tall grass which has now became homes to poisonous snakes and other animals. According to the news report, MBAS follows a schedule whereby grass will be cut on fields located in residential areas every 21 days. The questions that are being asked is what had caused the oversight in maintaining the field? The oversight was not noticed by the council despite multiple 21 days cycles having passed. Could it be due to incompetence of MBAS employees that lead to the oversight in providing the required service? Employees should be more innovative and creative in overcoming obstacles faced when providing such services. http://www.sinarharian.com.my/utr/content/story5181294.asp The attitudes and procedures of MBAS once again came into question when a conflict occurred between the council and Chinese associations over what was felt as a new requirement to pay two different license fees for mahjong activities. The council had issued a letter on 7 July 2010 requesting payment for licensing fee but the associations had already paid a licensing fee to the Kota Setar district office for their mahjong activities. According to them, that is the only license they have always paid to conduct their activities. It was later clarified by Alor Setar Mayor Datuk Khazali Din that the license paid to the district office was to conduct mahjong activities but a separate license for the premises was also required to be paid to the council but was not enforced earlier. The questions raised in this incident relates to why if there were indeed such rules, it was not informed or explained to the Chinese associations earlier to prevent the misunderstanding from occurring in the fir st place. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/7/18/nation/6689157sec=nation As the mahjong activities has been going on for some time, the point now is that the attitude of the council and lack of tack in approaching the matter had caused the disruption of legitimate activities of other people. The approach used to approach the Chinese associations regarding the licensing issue reveals the inflexibility of the council. MBAS could have used more gentle approaches when approaching the associations and prevent the misunderstanding from occurring in the first place like giving them a suitable grace period rather than threatening immediate fines and legal action for non-compliance with its demands. MBAS will be categorised as a quality service provider if its employees have initiative, accountability, motivation and work as a team to accomplish their tasks or projects. Perhaps if the council had employees with the correct competencies in place, the various incidents mentioned above would not have happened? MBAS has to provide sufficient skills, ability, and the correct knowledge and resources to their employees and place them at the right positions. At the same time, the council should also adopt new forms of work organisation such as work teams, management delayering, job sharing, reengineering and downsizing redundant employees. In this context, MBAS should not only improve business performance but must also focus itself on making the necessary management changes related to combination of factors such as employee competencies, new computing and communications technologies and measure the productivity of service staff and knowledge workers. There is precious little studies in the past to measure perceived service quality in MBAS. As a service provider, MBAS is expected to be more competent and innovative. Given the situation that the council now finds itself in, service quality will be an undoubtedly interesting area to study. 1.5 Research Objectives The objective of this study is to determine if service quality at MBAS is driven by employee competencies. To be more specific, we want to: Identify employee competencies which is important for MBAS to improve customer satisfaction; Examine customer satisfaction as perceived by the public at MBAS; and Investigate the relationship of employee competencies in relation to perceived customer satisfaction in MBAS. 1.6 Research Question This study was motivated by our determination to answer the following questions: What are the competencies that employees at MBAS should have? What is customer satisfaction as perceived by the public? What are the relationships between employee competencies and perceived customer satisfaction? 1.7 Definition of Terms Local Government Employee A worker who is employed to provide services to a company on a regular basic in exchange for compensation and who does not provide these services as part of an independent or self-employed business. Competencies A cluster of related knowledge, skills and attitudes that affects a major part of role or responsibility that correlates with performance on the job, that can be against well accepted standards, and that can be improved via training (Competencies Workgroup, September 2002). Service Service can be defined as any primary com

Americas Violence Fixation Essay examples -- Media Violent Crime Essa

America's Violence Fixation One of America's biggest problems today is violence. It is happening everywhere, in the households, out on the streets, even in our schools. When we watch the news and see these acts of violence, we hear the blame be put to one thing: entertainment. Movies and video games are supposedly causing young people to behave aggressively in society, and maybe even compelling them to kill. Some even believe that video rental stores should have policies, such as always requiring an ID, and that some TV programs, movies, and games glorify guns and violence, as well as the guns themselves (center4policy.org). True, some films do portray murder and violence as justifiable; films such as Blade, in which the title character killed vampires in an effort to protect the human race, or The Matrix, where the main characters used violence to free humanity from an artificial intelligence. Video games also have a considerable amount of violence in them as well. The main idea of Grand Theft Auto, one of the more popular video games, is to overtake a city, even if it means using violence. Players are allowed a various array of weapons from baseball bats to machine guns to assist them in missions. Ratings are placed on games, this particular one is rated "M" for "Mature". Retail stores are to check ID of customers in order for them to purchase such games. However, that does not stop children from borrowing the games from others, or even having unsuspecting parents buying them. The question, however, is: "Is entertainment really the cause of violence?" I have been affected personally by the media's claim that entertainment causes violence. One morning on the news program Good Morning... ...at some people disagree with some forms and aspects of entertainment is perfectly fine; not everyone will agree with some of it. Trying to overthrow what the masses enjoy is a completely different matter. As a race, we forget freedom of speech; one voice always has to be louder than the other. Personally, in terms of "Grand Theft Auto", "Pokemon", and " Harry Potter", people purchase these because they enjoy them, they are entertained by them, why not just let them do their thing? I suppose those who point the finger at these live such clean, wholesome lives. The bottom line is: there are things that are popular, people will buy them, be entertained, have, fun, and it will pass. Let them enjoy it. Sources http://www.pegmusic.com/violence-in-amer.html http://www.center4policy.org/violencec.html http://www.davekopel.com/Media/Irmassag.htm

Descriptive Essay The Beach

The first thing I notice is the sky, a bright blue color without a single cloud in the sky. Then, the water which is as crystal clear and shimmering in the sun like a diamond. And the smell, it is nothing like you could ever imagine. The salty aroma fills the air and seeps into my nostrils producing shivers and chills throughout my body. I can hear the ocean waves crashing and sense the mass amounts of sunscreen floating through the air. Can hear children screaming and laughing and they run for their lives when the icy water touches their toes.Seeing girls laying out and taking in the heat waves which produces a dark sun kissed tan on their skin. I throw my hair up into a messy bun and off go sprinting in the burning hot sand, with my surf board tucked under my arm. I leap into the chilly ocean and instantly my heart skips a beat. Begin to paddle out and can feel the water droplets evaporating of my skin under the blistering sun. As I begin to stand up on my board, the wave's crash o ver my body pulling me into the water. Then continue this pattern until my legs are weak and my arms can paddle no more.It is just then hear my ether call my name, â€Å"Hannah time for lunch! † scramble out of the water and head up to the jeep. We down our lunch at a rapid pace and my little sister runs back to the edge of the water to build a sand castle. I listen to her play and giggle in the California heat. Her little hands constantly working to build her masterpiece. I decide it is time to relax, so I grab my favorite novel and lay out on my beach towel. With the waves crashing and the birds flying in the distance I am in my safe haven. My toes grasp the sand between them and a jolt of warmth travels through my entire body.It is at this moment all of my stresses seem to disappear and I am in a wonderland of warmth and happiness. During my tip to the beach time does not exist. Six hours could go by, but in my mind it seems as if it has been a short 30 minutes. It is not clear to me the time until I notice the sun slowly setting beyond the horizon and a cool breeze causing goose bumps on my sun kissed arms and legs. My father comes down from the jeep with a sweat shirt for both me and my sister. He hands me a cool glass of lemonade and the water droplets condensate on the outside of the bright red cup.All three of us sit on a blanket and watch the sun as it sets over the ocean. The beautiful colors of pink and orange are breathe taking. A brilliant ball of fire, millions of miles away, but so apparent and bright here on the sandy shore. The sky contains the most peaceful colors as it fades off on the horizon leaving the sky dark without its presence. At that moment I know what this means. The setting of the sun symbolizes my time here in my safe haven is over and I must depart from my happy place. Gather up my novel, surfboard, ND towel and make my way back to the jeep.My little sister complains and fusses about how she does not want to leave her ca stle. As her castle is washed away by the incoming tide, so is her innocence. My father carries her on his shoulders as she is passed out snoring. That scene causes me to go back in time just a few years past when was the same age and I can remember myself sleeping upon my father's muscular shoulders. As we drive away I think to myself†¦ So long until next year. And watch my safe haven slowly diminish the further and further we drive away.

Generic strategies Essays

Generic strategies Essays Generic strategies Paper Generic strategies Paper Operations managements main aim is to identify a common set of objectives such that the organisation can deploy its resources and capabilities to produce goods and services for internal and external customers. Operational management not only supports operational efficiency, but it also provides a potential source of strategic competitive advantage and it explains how operations strategy influences the activities of operations managers. Porters three generic strategies broadly define a process through which these common set of objectives can be found. However, these strategies are mutually exclusive as Porter emphasises the need to only adopt one strategy and failure to do so will result in a stuck in the middle (Porter , 1980) scenario. He discusses the idea that practising more than one strategy will lose the entire focus of the organisation hence a clear direction for a future path cannot be established. Operations Strategy  The changing business environment over the last century has prompted operations management to change the pattern of decisions and actions that were intended to achieve its long-term goals. Increased cost-based competition, demands for better service, choice and variety, increased ethical awareness and more legal regulations (Slack et al., 2004, p.8) have led to the globalisation of operations networking, technologies replacing manual jobs, computer-based integration of operations activities, mass customisation, fast time-to-market methods and lean process design. From the volume of output, variety of output, variation in demand for output and the degree of visibility of production that customers have, four trade-offs and two linkages have become apparent. The evolution of these trade-offs and linkages are a major part of the progression of world class manufacturing from the Industrial Revolution to where it stands today. : Though Hayes and Wheelwright had coined the term world class, Womack et al. (1990) more accurately described the status of becoming world class as the ability cut the usage of all factor inputs and still maintain a high level of output. With the development of world class manufacturing two views of operations strategy emerged. One which highlighted the planned corporate strategy and unitary managerial power concepts as decisions were made from the top levels of management and were enforced on all the employees, and the other, which saw corporate strategy transpire from empowering individuals and drawing ideas from day-to-day operational experiences. As the perception of manufacturing changed due to the introduction of new processes such as the lean design model and new innovative technologies that helped supply chains, the four trade-offs became more distinct. Prior to Henry Fords introduction of the automated assembly line, American manufacturers had already extended the basic economic principles of Adam Smith and used jigs to make standardised products, from which the notion of using interchangeable parts to facilitate assembling complex products arose. This led to a substitution from non-skilled labour basic-skilled labour capable of operating the new contraptions. The second trade-off between volume and variety came to light after firms were able increase output and cut long run average costs by investing in capital and firing workers. However, firms had to make an executive decision at this point as to whether they were going to stick to producing low volume, high variety products or use the emergent manufacturing techniques to produce low variety products en masse. The third trade-off between quality and cost has a similar optimisation problem to the setup and inventory costs. The optimal quality level of output is when total costs are minimised and the cost of failures is relatively low. Japanese car company Toyota is a prime example of the last trade-off between setup costs and inventory costs. Using the kanban card controlling system, parts of the manufacturing process are only allowed to produce goods when they have received notification on the kanbans stating that orders have been placed. Even though this method significantly reduces inventory costs, it would only be successful if the manufacturing processes were quick enough to deal with demand responses and able to assemble goods to sell within a short time after the kanban had been written. The just-in-time method of manufacturing employed by Toyota is that of the bottom-up operations strategy defined earlier. The demand for the product is pulled through the system rather than basing product stock on estimated sales projections that have been calculated on previous sales and trends. It is an approach which differs from traditional operations practices insomuch as is stresses waste elimination and fast throughput, both of which contribute to low inventories. A comparison of the just-in-time and materials requirement planning system will show the influence of Porters generic strategies on operations strategy in general. Porters generic strategies  In the economic analysis of the theory of the firm, the key feature of a monopoly is that it faces an imperfectly elastic, downward sloping demand curve whereas in perfect competition, the elasticity of demand was infinite. A good way to escape an infinite elasticity problem is to differentiate a product such that there arent any close substitutes. Hayes and Pisano (1994) mirrored this by stating that long term success requires that a company continually seeks new ways to differentiate itself from competitors by finding sources of competitive advantage and focusing on core competencies that were unique to the firm. Product differentiation is the first of Porters three generic strategies and it fulfils a distinctive customer need by specifically tailoring the service or product to consumer to demand, thus allowing organisations to charge a premium price to capture market share. Hoover Limited effectively implemented this strategy by providing a product of superior value to the customer through product quality, features and branding. They were able to charge a higher price as the quality was perceived on a brand name and image, to the extent that Hoover became a household nameknown worldwide as a maker of quality appliances (About Hoover) and consumers now use the word Hoover and vacuum cleaner interchangeably. With product differentiation, firms choose quality and variety, whereas Porters alternative strategy of cost leadership focuses on low cost and volume. By producing high volumes of standardised products the firm emphasises efficiency, benefits from economies of scale and learning from the experience curve effects. In terms of mass manufacturing using the materials requirements planning strategy, cost leadership was a definitive means of keeping a considerable market share advantage over the other incumbents in the industry. Low-cost airlines are a prime example of providing a service solely based on giving consumers the lowest fares to travel from one location to another. Cost leadership became a means of product differentiation as firms such as Ryanair and EasyJets main selling point was the fact that they provide low quality, low service, and budget air travel for a fraction of the price.  When just-in-time technique was established, cost leadership was still a harbinger for corporate strategy in the manufacturing industry as Toyota were adamant to reduce inventory costs because they did not have the capital to store cars and compete with General Motors and Ford. This method is very popular in other industries such as retail, where the sudden growth of Primark is due to the fact that it can supply high-street clothing on demand in a limited time period. Product differentiation and cost leadership remained in the broad manufacturing market scope as two of the best strategies to follow when making decisions about operational strategy. The resource based view and use of core competencies that were valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable suggests that operations strategy evolved from the ideas that firms either concentrated on cost or quality. Conclusions Research on profits accrued due to the implementation of various market strategies showed that firms with higher market shares were as profitable as those with low market share. Porterian analysis indicates that firms that pursued a cost leadership strategy as an initial strategy for operations strategy were successful as they captured large market shares due to their low priced products. Firms with low market share were successful as they used market segmentation to focus on a small but profitable market niche. Those stuck in the middle however were less profitable as they did not have an initial viable generic strategy to guide the operations management of the firm to implement specific operations strategies. Bibliography and references About Hoover, The Hoover Generation Future, hoover.co.uk/about-us/ Hayes, R.H. and Pisano, G.P. (Jan-Feb 1994) Beyond world-class: the new manufacturing strategy, Harvard Business Review, 72 (1) Porter, M. (1980) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Free Press

Writing an Ecology Essay Here Are Effective Tips #038; a Full Guide

Writing an Ecology Essay Here Are Effective Tips #038; a Full Guide Many people relate the term ‘ecology’ to the environment. While similarities between the two terms are viable to an extent, their scope, mechanisms, and content slightly vary. Ecology concerns the study of organisms in their natural habitat interacting with their surroundings that consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (physical) elements. The term has evolved and is often defined as the study of ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, ponds, and estuaries, among others. Writing an essay on ecology is a daunting task for many students who are torn between understanding different dynamics that characterize the field of study and understanding components of the ecosystem. The study of ecology comprises processes that link the biotic to the abiotic components. The field of study is important to individuals and the community in general. Its importance explains why instructors at different levels of study require students to submit assignments in different areas of ecology. These assignments help students to explore the topic and appreciate its value. Besides understanding the dynamics of ecology, assignments on the noted field of study help in testing and improving different types of skills. When professors provide students with ecology essays writing tasks, they want the students to find answers to questions such as: What do you know about ecology? Do you understand the basics? How well do you understand the topic and how can you apply the knowledge in practice? Are you able to explore particular concepts in ecology and make inferences? It is important to keep the noted questions in mind when planning and writing ecology essays because they help one understand the instructor’s expectations. Moreover, ensure you have an idea of what to write about before beginning your writing journey. This ecology essay writing guide will provide step-by-step ecology essay writing tips tricks that will help you make up your mind on what to write about and how. How to Choose Suitable Topics for Ecology Essays There is no secret formula for identifying and choosing an appropriate topic in ecology or any other field of study. However, the following key points should be considered when choosing suitable essay topics. Interest and requirements. The chosen essay topic should not only be interesting to you but should also match your understanding of the topic and your ability to explore the topic. In this case, ask yourself, ‘How much do I know about this topic?’ It is important to choose the topic that you are familiar with. Topic reuse. It is possible and appropriate to reuse an ecology topic you have already written an essay on. However, approach it from a different angle to come up with a new and researchable essay topic. Open-mindedness. When choosing a topic, consider every idea that comes to your mind even when it sounds far-fetched. Importantly, look for topic inspiration in ecology articles and books, lecturers, peers, and from analyzing your daily interaction with the environment. Topic analysis. You should figure out whether the chosen topics are broad or narrow. Broad topics do not provide specific information about what needs to be written about. Source availability. Ensure the prospective essay topics have sources from which you can retrieve information that is credible enough to be included in your piece. The given key points should be considered before settling on a particular ecology essay topic. Meanwhile, the following 10 essay sample topics provide an idea of some of the ecology topics that can be explored for an informative essay. Use of Ecovillages as a Solution to Ecosystem Issues; The Role of Solar Energy in Reducing Carbon Footprint; Global Warming and Its Impacts on the Population; The Role of Wolves in Controlling the Population of Wildlife in the Forest; An Analysis of the Leading Endangered Species and the Importance of Protecting Them; The Role of Competition Between Species in Evolution; The Way Biogeochemical Cycling and Energy Transformations Constitute the Ecology Field? What Are the Different Types of Ecology? What Is the Hierarchical Organization of Ecology? Eco-Friendly Packaging. Advantages and Limitations. After deciding on the topic, it is important to understand how you should begin the essay writing process. Therefore, pre-writing tips are a necessity in this guide. Ecology Essay Pre-writing Tips Planning. A perfect ecology essay requires a lot of planning. Besides planning for the essay topic, you should develop an essay timeline to provide you with benchmarks that ensure you stay on schedule in terms of the essay requirements. The timeline ensures proper completion of the essay writing process, adherence to writing requirements, and observance of the ecology essay scope. Brainstorming. After you have selected an essay topic, do not lock yourself into the topic or an essay idea too quickly. Write out some more topics, questions, and associations that may cross your mind. Brainstorming opens your mind to new possibilities and allows you to discard ideas that do not match essay requirements or the ecology area of study. Research. Always conduct some preliminary research on the chosen ecology essay topic to have an idea of what has been written, what gaps need to be filled, and what sources are available. The further research helps you narrow or broaden the ecology essay topic. Research can be conducted online, or in ecology books and public articles. Moreover, researching provides an opportunity to create the essay outline. Outlining. Use an outline to map your essay ideas in a logical manner to ensure the drafting process is smooth and the essay is concise and coherent. Clustering. Idea mapping is an approach that helps you to explore the relationship between ecology concepts and ideas in the chosen ecology essay topic. Exploring the relationship between concepts and ideas can be done in a step-by-step process that involves: writing the subject of the essay in the center of a page and underlining it, linking new ideas as they come up during brainstorming to the central circle with connection lines, relating new ideas to the existing and added concepts. The outcome of the clustering process will appear as a web on a page. The web will help you in determining the relationship between ideas so that you can understand the possible directions your essay is likely to take. Once the clustering is done, take some time off (maybe an hour or a day) before creating the essay’s draft. Stepping away enhances your objectivity once you begin the writing process. Ecology Essay Title and Thesis Statement Coming up with an appropriate essay topic is an integral part of the essay writing process and creating an effective ecology essay title that is equally important. Crafting an effective title can be the most difficult part of your ecology essay despite having a good topic. A catchy title is important in numerous ways because it makes your essay stand out from your peers’ works and provides your audience with a perspective of the essay and a sense of its content. To craft a strong, effective, and standard title, you should focus on the hook, the key terms, and the sources you intend to use to write your essay. Crafting a title hook. In academic essays, most titles have the same basic structure. However, the title in your ecology essay should have a catchy phrase that draws the reader to the essay and provides information about what the essay will focus on. In the ecology essay, the hook can be a collection of keywords or a quote as opposed to an image. Key terms. The ecology essay title should have two or more phrases or crucial words that apply to the essay topic and give the reader an angle of your essay and a sense of the content. The key terms should function as a summary of the essay in less than ten words. Moreover, the keywords should not be too general and non-specific. For instance, when you choose the topic, ‘Does Biogeochemical Cycling and Energy Transformations Constitute the Ecology Field?’ the key terms are ‘biogeochemical cycling,’ ‘ecology field,’ and ‘energy transformations.’ In this case, the title could be, ‘The Role of Biogeochemical Cycling and Energy Transformations in the Ecology Field.’ Cite the source. The final aspect of crafting an essay title entails including a source or location where possible. The source informs the reader of the essays setting or the contents location. However, the inclusion of a location setting and its importance varies depending on the topic because some topics do not require a specific context. Depending on the chosen ecology essay topic, the source may be the population or the geographic location. For example, the topic ‘Eco-Friendly Packaging: Advantages and Limitations’ could be crafted to include a source or location, such as the UK or the US. Consequently, the title could read, ‘The Advantages and Limitations of Eco-Friendly Packaging in the UK.’ Ecology Essay Outline the Skeleton of Your Project! Interpretive, analytical, and persuasive ecology essays tend to follow a similar basic outline. An effective outline for your ecology essay has three essential parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Introduction. The introduction should contain a sentence that grabs the reader’s attention. It should provide a concise summary of what the essay will discuss, an outline of its content, and a one-sentence thesis statement. A thesis statement presents the essay’s main argument and makes a claim that readers or other essay writers may dispute. Body. The body of the essay is the main part of the write up as it presents the essay’s main arguments and ideas along with supporting evidence. An outline for the body paragraphs should appear as indicated below. First main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the first idea b. Supporting evidence for the first idea c. Supporting evidence for the first idea Second main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the second main idea b. Supporting evidence for the second main idea c. Supporting evidence for the second main idea Third main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the third main idea b. Supporting evidence for the third main idea c. Supporting evidence for the third main idea Conclusion. The last part of the ecology essay should restate your thesis statement, sum up the essay, and provide an action plan where possible. Post-Writing Tips: Tricks Our Top Writers Use The writing process of your ecology essay should not end after typing the last full stop no matter how accurate you may perceive your writing abilities. Once the final draft has been written, check your piece for typing errors, spelling and grammar mistakes, look through your referencing – these activities of the post-writing stage are as important as planning, choosing a topic, and writing the essay. The post-writing tips are common to all types of essays form the next, and last part of this guide. Proofreading. The most important aspect entails checking your essay for grammar, typing, sentence structure, and content errors. It is recommended that you engage in proofreading after the writing process to ensure that you concentrate on creating a logical and coherent text. However, it does not mean that you need to proofread immediately after the writing process unless you have limited time. Take one or two hours a day before proofreading to enhance your objectivity. In this case, subdivide the proofreading into several sessions that focus on different aspects. Firstly, review the ecology essay for spelling and grammar mistakes and edit it accordingly. Secondly, evaluate the essay for content meaning, coherence, and logical flow of ideas and supporting evidence. Checking for plagiarism. If you fail to take note of where you read information quoted in the essay, it is likely that you will forget the book, journal, or article or even the page number the content was obtained from. Consequently, you may end up attributing content to someone else or not acknowledging the source entirely. This amounts to plagiarism and translates into taking credit for another authors work. When writing the essay, take note of the sources from which you acquire content, quote appropriately, and cite as required. Once you are done with proofreading for spelling and content, go through the essay once again to ensure that the information is cited appropriately. This guide on how to write an ecology essay contains all the necessary information to write an ecology essay on whatever topic you choose. Use it to maximize your ability to produce stellar ecology essays.

Nursing theories in clinical practice using theorists models Term Paper

Nursing theories in clinical practice using theorists models - Term Paper Example The Roy Adaption model was first published in 1970. This model presents a human being as a holistic adaptive system in constant interaction with both external and internal environment. The major work of the human system is to maintain integrity in the eye of environmental stimuli and whereas the objective of nursing is to foster successful development. This model focuses on the responses of the human adaptive system; this may be individual or a group to a dynamic environment. Adaptation is the main feature of the model. Here Problems in adaptation come when the adaptive system not capable of coping with or respond to the dynamic stimuli from the external and internal environments in a way that maintains the integrity of the system (Andrews & Roy, 1986). The proponent of the model was largely influenced by Harry Helson adaptation theory. it is this theory that triggered her mind to develop the model. The Roy adaption model is presently one of the major widely used frameworks in nursing practice. It is universally used in nursing. Roy also got influence from Raporpots definition of systems and concepts from Lazarus and Seyle (Roy&Roberts.1981). The proponent has also published books on the model. It fundamental to note that the philosophic beliefs and values that the model is based are that human meaning is rooted in omega point convergence of the globe, people have a mutual relationship with the world and a God figure, thinking and feeling mediate human and actions, awareness of self and environment is rooted in thinking and feeling among others. The Roy adaptation model focuses on six step nursing process. It should be noted that in relation to each of this steps or processes, the person called the nurse depends highly developed technical, interpersonal and institutive skills. This is done while assessing and initiating interventions involving approaches like anticipatory guidance, physical care, counseling and health